Rectifier for polyphase alternating currents.



E OELSCHLKGER 1 vRECTIFIER FOR POLYPHASE ALTERNATlNG CURRENTS.

APPLICATIUN FILED NUV.ZU| 1913- PatcntedMar. I3, 1917.

s come too 'highiand impair .theproper work- 1;

" UNITED STATES. PATENT: OFFICE.

Emvsr oE LsciILAGEn, or BEnLIN-cEAnLorrENBUnG, GERMANY, AssIGnoB. r0

smmnns-scnucxnn'rwanxn, o; m. B. 1a., or BERLIN, GERMANY, A conronA- rrxon or GERMANY.

Brennan FOB PoLYrnA'sn ALTEBNA'IING dunner-rs.

To all 161mm it may concern:

Be it known that I, ERNST a German citizen, and residen'tbf Berlincurrents into uni current by means of such rectifiers consists by 'admittinga greater drop of voltagei' The new apparatus according to this vention-now consists in a phase transfor 8 nd. r ti y g .erre ge s P 1)? Charlottenburg, Germany, have invented certainnew' and useful Improvements in Rectifiers for Polyphase Alternating Currents, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to rectifiers of the class employing liquid mercury or another 'lnetal in an evacuated space, whereby alternating currents maybe rectifiedorconverted into unidirectional or continuous current by the well knownunipolariproperties 0f the mercury or metalarc. The present. lprac polyphase "alternating tice of converting ire'ctional or continuous in general therein that-the'one pole of the continuous 'currentconsumption devic'efor phase system and the other pole 'withfthe mercury, whereby-the ends of the phase i circuits will form in periodical alternation the fgiihodesfl of the rectifier; At; given volt age the output of such rectifier-s is limited the electrical strain. imposed upon the e co trodes, as above a certain current strength the electrode-temperature will being of the'rectifier, A greater output of such rectifiers for a given.- three-phas'e euri be attained-by; converting the same H p t M ,iiiVntiohj'vill be more fully underf'stoo' g by reference to the accompanying drawing -which' shows in a diagrammatic,

in a sin-phase currentby iieans of a phasetransformer whose r'z'ero? points form the electrical centers of-the secondary winding.

This arrangement, ;hovvever,- does not meet the requirements ofpractice and therefore.- 4 0 -a subd vision of the electrodes has been resorted to, by subdividing-Teach electrodein. about three parallel ones,"in,order to obtain at eachthreehniform arcs" which will serve to reducethexstrain imposed upon the indi 'vidual electrodes, This latter arrangement which wilhcfulfil the purposeof the 11111 formity ofthe parallelarcs, is safeguarded. L by dproviding -fresistances. before each jgeleci tro This,hiivs ever, in case'pof inductive resistances can only be suificiently attained Specification of Letters Patent- Onnsonnlicrin,

"may be fdesirable; and each i w-isconnected atone end W1 Patented Mar; 13, 1917;

Application flled'November ab, 1913. BeriaLNq; 802,151.

phase currents, yvhereby the electrodes may be freed from the electrical strain to any desired extent and under losses which are a minimum attained in mercury rect ers,

In brief, the arrangement accordingto my invention can be regarded as a combination of an electrdmechanical rectifier and a metal-vapor rectifier. This mechanical rectifier consists of a continuous current armature fixed in space, havingpolyphase currents supplied at a proper number of evenly distributed points, While rectified or con- 'tinuous current may be obtained by a current collecting device which is rotating upon the commutator of the armature in synchronism to the frequency of the polyphase ciurrents Instead of the rotating current collecting device of this latter arrangement,

'now, Tutilize the unipolarity .of a mercury are, In other words by my present invention I avoid the defects andcombine the advantages of either mode of rectification; more particularly I do awaywith the disadvantage of using the rotating current c01- lecting devices of theafor'ementioned electro-mechanical -rectifier, and on the other sufiicientanumber of consecutive phase-disments, between mmutator.

- hand 1 obviate the difficulty inherentto vapor rectify ing apparatus, viz to provide a placed circuits which are advantageously I present in thearmature of sald electro mess .chanicel'rectifier in the former winding ele- View theapParatusandconnections ofthe {rectifier of my present invention.

The continubus current mains to be sup- .plied fromljthe rectifier are represented by. 'v

the common fz e"r.0= ointand at its other end withone of the e ectrodes 'afof therectifier. The num tberof these electrodes must of course be the samc 'asthat oflthe number of parts or part "or phase;

else a f the Winding, and in connecting the several phases with the electrodes (1 the same order of succession must be observed,

so that a rotating field'traversing thewind:

' ings w will cause the maximum voltage-between the cathode and. the series of anodes a to travel vil'cularly around the anodes. The

winding with its multiplicity of subdivided parts or phases 1/ now mounted in even dislrilaition together with a primary distributed p lypliase winding 7) on a common iron rore r iulbe manner oi a phase transl'ormer e|uplo \'iu; the principle of th'e ro lal iu; lield. "lhe polyphase supply line which geuerallyavill be three-phase is indirated at .v-aud com luetorst'leadflrf ell the mains ol, the 'supply line s to three evenly spared points ol. said distributml primary winding as shown in the drawing.

The uu'ule'of operation of my present rec lilier will now be imnualiately apparent from the above. explanations. The parts or phases 1r "ol the phase-windings m which form the secondary of the phase translormer will thus gelmrate a multiplieity of ll. M. I fs .ivhich peuiodicallyalternale a nd whose maximum values are rotating through the phases w. \Vhilectlms at ,every instant one half of the voltages between cathode m and anodes a'wi beiof positive sign, discharges will take place between the anodes and the (HilllUtlUJOl mercury of the rectifier. According to. this progression orrotation of thelC. M. .lRs in the secondary winding of the )liasetransfmaner the entire arc bet-ween an anode a and the mercury m of the rectilier y will also rotate. i'nsynchromsm to the rotary field of the phase transformer. The

drop of voltage in the are Wi'll'be, of a definite moderate value, and the rectified current in'tbe mains 1) will pulsatesomewhat 111 value.

more smoothened up, the greater the number of the phases in of the secondary winding of thephase-transformer will l ie.. The electrical-strain imposed upon several electrodes will alsobe decreased with the number of electrodes employed by reason of the r a'ctilied current being great" present invent -n i inlaertliereof.--

Tpul- 'satmg' continuous current Wave maybe attaincd toany' desiir'ediextent'. Moreovcr' both these aavant r es arel seenred with very 'siln ple'means, an; the furtherperfection of'the rectifying apparatus-as regards regularity of-therectified current as well as reduction ofth'e electrical strain "on, the electrodes-e will simplyrequire the .addition of more win-ding parts-or phases to in the secondary of the phase transformer. I

In the foregoing I have described my in;

These pulsations Willbecome the netic field with current from plmse-transforuler having a distributed" i'i' .mar'y winding of said. given numb dis tribi 1ted upon'a' 'I't; slapparentlithat in the apparatus of my lonthe eleetr,iealstrain im-..J posed upon the-electrodes may be: r i j a minimu and the "smooth-ening'of t ing current source. of a'given' number of phases; means for producing a r0tary magmetal if desirable. Also tla-foperatlon of the apparatus described may be reversed, that is to say, continuous current may be supplied to the mercury rectifier and polyphase current taken off from the phase transformen Having thus described my invention I. claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States 1- 1. In combination, a source of polyphase alternating currents of a given number of phases, means for producing a rotary magnetic field with current from said ,source,-a -1nultipl.icity "of phasewvinding's mounted to be subject to induction from said rotary field, a vapor rectifying de ice having anodes connected to said system of windings, and av continuous current circuit dc rived from the cathode of said rectifying, device and a zero-point of said system oi windings.

2. In eon'ibination, a system of phasewindings distributed on a n'iagnetizabie core, a vapor rectifying "device having anodes connected to said phaseavindings, a continuous current circuit derived ,from the cathode of said rectifying device and a zero.- point of said'system-of phase windings, and means for generating a rotary field in said mag'uetizable core.

'3. In e,on-1l')ina tion, a system of phase windings, a vapor rectifying-device having anodes e mnected in succession to the phases of said system,-. a continuous current circuit derivedfro'm the cathode of said rectifying device anda .ze-ro-point of said System Of windings, and electromagnetic means for indueing in said phase-windings E. 'M. F;s which are progressing through" the several phases. I

4. In combination, -a poly-phase alternating current source of a given number-of phases; means for producing said source; a

phases and a distributed secondary "win; ng

of a- .'rela ti.vely great number of phases; a.

vapor rectifying device haying"circularly are ranged anodes of a number corresponding to that ofthe phases of said secondary Wind-1 'ing and connected thereto in the sense offthe;

phase rotation'in said winding; and'a con-- :20:

tinuous current circuit derived i from the cathode of Silld rectlfymg devlee andaze'rd' point of said 'phase-t1 -a nsformer;

5. In co1'nbinati0n-,',: 1 polyphasealtriiat .netic field with current from. said sourc e a phasetransformer-having a distnbutedpriphases and a distributed 'sccondarywindi-ng a' rotary mag 1 'mary winding of said; given number of l a neiewmf vapor rectifying devices Iia ing'circuIarlji an .i rai' ged anodes of a number correspondlng to that ofthe phases of saldsecondary Wmding and connected in the sense of the phase rotation of sald wln dlng; and a contlnnous current oircuit'dei'ived'from the cathode of said rectifying device and a iero-point' of Saidse OndaI-y indmg 6. Incombination, a polyphase alternating current source-of. a. given ninnber of phases; means fonproducing a rotary n1agnetio'field with current from said source; a

phase-transformer having a distributed pri mary "Winding of said given number of phases and a distributed secondary winding of a relatively great number of phases; a

vapor rectifying device having a cathode and anodes of anumben corresponding to thatof the phases of said secondary Winding and connected theretointhe sense of phase said phase-transformer,

7. In"co 1nbination, a system of phase windings distributed on a tnagnetizable core 'and'o'o'nnected. in star; a veporrectifyingfdevice having anodes connected to the free ends of said phase-windings; said 1 anodes being placed around the cathode of" said rectifying device to permit automatic rotatlon of the are 1n :synchronism to the .progression of. the voltages through said phase-windings; means for generating-a 1'0- ta'ry field in saidlnagnetizable core and therewith progressive-phase voltages in said phase-windings; and continuous current circuit derived "from sai-dl cathode and the i; star point of said phase-windings.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my signatu e in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses; I I

' IIENRYIHASPER, Wownuar': HAUP-r;

nl st LSCH IG R.

rit edfnoni said cathode and'a zero-point of i 

